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To Learn and To Earn Education and Child Labour In the Philippines 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Legislative and Policy Framework to Promote and Protect Children's Rights in the Philippines Legal and Policy Framework for the Philippine Educational System The Philippine Constitution of 1987 Medium Term Development Plan (MTDP) for 1993-98: Philippines 2000 Education for All (EFA) Philippine Plan of Action Organizational Structure of the Philippine Educational System Costs of Philippine Public Education Who is Served by the Educational System? 1.2 Socio-Cultural Factors/practices Which Affect School Enrollment and Attendance 1.3 The Filipino Child, 15 and Under: Home, school and work Trends in Child Labour 1.4 They Who are Excluded: We do not belong 1.5 High-risk Children: High stakes of young lives and a whole future 1.6 Systems and Policies 1.7 Government and NGOs: Working together for working children from advocacy and policy to programmes and services The NGO Coalition for Monitoring the Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child The National Project for Street Children (1986-present) 2. PROGRAMMES/PROJECTS Bureau of Non-Formal Education (BNFE) Programs Functional Education and Literacy Program (FELP) The Alternative Learning System (ALS) Multigrade Program in Philippine Education (MPPE) PROJECT NODROPS-EFA (A no drop-out learning system for Education for All) Innovative Educational Strategies for Working Children in Lapu-Lapu City Sanayan ng mga Batang Mananambakan (SABANA) 3. ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Cycle of Life for Working Children The Working Child and the Family The Working Child, the School and the Community Working Children and National Educational Policies: The view from the top Annex: Additional examples of educational programmes for children in especially difficult circumstances References List of Tables and Charts: Table 1: Selected school enrollment indicators (SY 1990/91 to SY 1993/94) Chart A: 1994 allocation of expenditures Table 2: Number of public schools/private schools for elementary (SY 1992/93)  Chart B: Allocation of social services, including education, in 1994 (in selected Asian countries)  Table 3: Selected basic education and literacy indicators Chart C: Breakdown of child population according to age group Table 4: Street children as a percentage of child and youth population (selected cities, 1988) Table 5: Urban children living with one or both parents or on their own Table 6: Profile of street children and street-based working Children Table 7: Employment profiles of street children and street-based working children (in percentages, 1991) Table 8: Range and mean monthly incomes of Metro Manila households (1990)  Table 9: Levels of causality pointing to important levels of action