Audio-Visual Resources

Module 1: Watching and Listening OBSERVING - sensitively watching children at work: work conditions, relationships, effects on their psychosocial and health conditions LISTENING - interviewing children and other players in their immediate environment(employers, co-workers, family) Objective: An assessment of the working conditions of children, i.e., a picture of the situations experienced by working children at a specific point in time Development of the Child 1. Basic Questions    1.1 Nature vs. Nurture    1.2 Stages and Critical Periods 2. Early Years    2.1 Early Experience    2.2 Long term effects of early experience 3. Cognitive Development 4. Personality and Social Development 5. Adolescence PIAGET'S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 1. Sensorimotor  (Birth - 2 years) 2. Preoperational  (2-7 years) 3. Concrete Operational  (7-12 years) 4. Formal Operational  (12 years and up) STAGES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY 1. Imitation: The child takes over the actions of others. 2. Suggestibility: The child takes over not only the actions of others, but the moods, feelings and ideas of those around him. 3. Identification: The child takes over the entire personality of the other person. For the time being, he/she is that other person. 4. Ego Ideal Phase: The child adopts the standards of the person he has identified with as his own. ERIKSON'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STAGES PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISES FAVORABLE OUTCOME First Year of Life Trust vs. Mistrust Trust and optimism Second Year Autonomy vs. Doubt Sense of self-control and adequacy Third through Fifth Years Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose and direction; ability to initiate one's own activities Sixth Year to Puberty Industry vs. Inferiority Competence in intellectual, social, and physical skills Adolescence Identity vs. Confusion An integrated image of oneself as a unique person Early Adulthood Intimacy vs. Isolation Ability to form close and lasting relationships; to make career commitments Middle Adulthood Generativity vs. Self-Absorption Concern for family, society and future generations The Aging Years Integrity vs. Despair A sense of fulfillment and satisfaction with one's life; willingness to face death PHASES OF ADOLESCENCE 1. Puberty: 12-14 years gang spirit rapid development of physiological sex functions 2. Transition Period: 15 years passage from homosexual to heterosexual phase 3. Later Adolescence: 16-18 years heterosexuality idealism GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENCE 1. venturesomeness 2. responsibility 3. relation to life 4. relation to authority Go to next page.